Journal of Transportation Research

Journal of Transportation Research

Prioritization of Urban Roads Based on their Importance in Evacuation, Case of Bushehr

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Arash Arvin 1
Meisam Akbarzadeh 2
Pooria Hajian 1
1 M.Sc., Grad., Department of Transportation Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Transportation Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
10.22034/tri.2023.337262.3034
Abstract
Emergency evacuation is widely recognized as a critical strategy widely adopted as a last resort to reduce disaster losses and widely studied and implemented across the world. Iran is known as one of the countries with several cities that are exposed to various potential disasters .This paper analyzes the strategies for widening critical streets, constructing new roads, contraflow at the time of evacuation, demand staging, as well as combined solutions for an urban emergency evacuation. The evacuation destinations were determined based on the citizens' willingness to choose a destination based on their distance from the line of threat. Routing was performed using the user optimization method. The importance of roads in terms of traffic flow / congestion as well as centrality indices (graph theory) were considered. A case study was conducted for the city of Bushehr in the event of two threats of leakage of radioactive materials from the nuclear power plant (point source with radial propagation) and tsunami (linear source with frontal propagation). The results show that the critical passages of the network can be identified based on the volume of traffic and the centrality of the intermediary. The results show that the critical passages of the network can be identified based on the volume of traffic and the centrality of the intermediary. The results also showed that the timing policy has a significant effect on reducing the emergency evacuation time.
Keywords
Evacuation
Radioactive Radiation
Tsunami
Betweenness Centrality
Closeness Centrality
Traffic Assignment
Subjects
-A. J. Ballard, (2007). Traffic operations for hurricane evacuation.
-A. Jahangiri, P. Murray-Tuite, S. G. Machiani, B. B. Park, and B. Wolshon (2014). Modeling and assessment of crossing elimination for no-notice evacuations. Transp. Res. Rec., Vol. 2459, 91–100,
-A. M. Afshar and A. Haghani, (2008). Heuristic framework for optimizing hurricane evacuation operations. Transp. Res. Rec.,
No. 9–17.
-B. Wolshon, (2001). One-Way-Out’, Contraflow Freeway Operation for Hurricane Evacuation. Nat. Hazards Rev., Vol. 2, No. 3, 105–112.
-C. Y. Bae and K. Kobayashi (2021). Analysis of evacuation time for vulnerable individuals during inundation of lowland areas. J. Disaster Res., Vol. 16, No. 5, 866–873.
-D. Yin, S. Wang, and Y. Ouyang, (2020). ViCTS: A novel network partition algorithm for scalable agent-based modeling of mass evacuation. Comput. Environ. Urban Syst., Vol. 80.
-E. Kuligowski (2021). Evacuation decision-making and behavior in wildfires: Past research, current challenges and a future research agenda. Fire Saf. J., Vol. 120.
-F. Sayyady and S. D. Eksioglu (2010). Optimizing the use of public transit system during no-notice evacuation of urban areas. Comput. Ind. Eng., Vol. 59, No. 4, 488–495.
-G. Lämmel and G. Flötteröd (2009). Towards system optimum: Finding optimal routing strategies in time-dependent networks for large-scale evacuation problems. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.  (Including Subser. Lect. Notes Artif. Intell. Lect. Notes Bioinformatics), Vol. 5803 LNAI, 532–539.
-J. W. Wang, W. H. Ip, and W. J. Zhang (2010). An integrated road construction and resource planning approach to the evacuation of victims from single source to multiple destinations. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., Vol. 11, No. 2, 277–289.
-J. Zhang, Y. Liu, Y. Zhao, and T. Deng (2020). Emergency evacuation problem for a multi-source and multi-destination transportation network: mathematical model and case study. Ann. Oper. Res., Vol. 291, No. 1–2, 1153–1181.
-K. Feng and N. Lin (2021).Reconstructing and analyzing the traffic flow during evacuation in Hurricane Irma (2017). Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., Vol. 94.
-L.G. Mattsson, and E. Jenelius (2015).Vulnerability and resilience of transport systems–A discussion of recent research. Transportation research part A: policy and practice 81, 16-34.
-M. Akbarzadeh and C. G. Wilmot (2015). Time-dependent route choice in hurricane evacuation,” Nat. Hazards Rev., Vol. 16,
No. 2.
-M. He, Chen, C., Zheng, F., Chen, Q., Zhang, J., Yan, H., & Lin, Y. (2021). An efficient dynamic route optimization for urban flooding evacuation based on Cellular Automata. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 87, 101622.
-M. J. Alam and M. A. Habib (2021). A dynamic programming optimization for traffic microsimulation modelling of a mass evacuation. Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., Vol. 97.
-M. Newman, Networks, Oxford university press, (2018).
-N. Ohtsu, A. Hokugo, A. M. Cruz, Y. Sato, Y. Araki, and H. Park (2021).Evacuation of vulnerable people during a Natech: a case study of a flood and factory explosion in Japan. Int. J. Disaster Resil. Built Environ.
-O. Hosseini, M. Maghrebi, and M. F. Maghrebi (2021). Determining optimum staged-evacuation schedule considering total evacuation time, congestion severity and fire threats. Saf. Sci., Vol. 139.
-O. T, T. K, and L. L, (2021). Evacuation after a nuclear accident: Critical reviews of past nuclear accidents and proposal for future planning. Environ. Int., Vol. 148, 106379.
-P. Murray-Tuite, and B. Wolshon. (2013). Evacuation transportation modeling: An overview of research, development, and practice. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 27, 25-45.
-S. A. Parr, N. Herrera, B. Wolshon, and T. Smith (2020). Effect of manual traffic control on evacuation time estimates. Transp. Res. Rec., Vol. 2674, No. 9, 809–819.
-T. J. Cova and J. P. Johnson (2003). A network flow model for lane-based evacuation routing.Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract., Vol. 37, No. 7, 579–604.
-X. Chen, M. Kwan, Q. Li, J. C. Computers, E. and Urban, and undefined (2012).A model for evacuation risk assessment with consideration of pre-and post-disaster factors, Elsevier.
-Y. Sheffi, (1985). Urban transportation networks. Vol. 6. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
-Z. Wang and G. Jia, (2021).Tsunami evacuation risk assessment and probabilistic sensitivity analysis using augmented sample-based approach. Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct., Vol. 63.