This study aims to collect, evaluate, and prioritize the indicators that influence green supply chain management based on the Internet of Things (IoT). Following a comprehensive literature review and identification of driving factors, fourteen key indicators related to IoT applications in green supply chains were extracted. To assess the relative importance of each indicator, six evaluation criteria were defined and the criteria were weighted using the Best–Worst Method (BWM) to determine the precise significance of each indicator within the established framework. Subsequently, the VIKOR method was applied to prioritize the indicators according to the computed weights, thereby establishing their order of influence on environmental objectives and supply chain efficiency. The results indicate that designing IoT-based products and processes aimed at reducing energy consumption and raw material usage is the most significant indicator, playing a central role in minimizing environmental impacts and optimizing resource use across the product life cycle. Conversely, the least important indicator was supporting strategic supplier selection planning through IoT, suggesting that operational and design-oriented applications received higher priority than certain strategic uses in the examined samples. The analysis further clarifies operational and policy implications for each indicator and proposes implementation measures for IoT technologies across design, production, logistics, and recycling stages. By combining weighting and ranking methods, this study provides a practical framework for managers and decision-makers to prioritize investments and digital–sustainability transformation programs, enabling more effective steps toward supply chain sustainability.