Journal of Transportation Research

Journal of Transportation Research

Simulation and Experimental Study of Braking Performance of a Passenger Car in Routes with Speed Bumps and Rumble Strips

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Naser Sina 1
Hossein Rahimi Asiabaraki 2
Erfan Eslami 2
Mahdi Siasarnejad 2
1 School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.
10.22034/tri.2026.572428.3438
Abstract
One of the challenging issues in transportation is the transportation safety. Considering that transportation safety arises from the three factors including vehicle, road, and driver, the origin of transportation safety is rooted in various sciences, such as automotive engineering. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a passenger vehicle during braking on routes equipped with speed bumps and rumble strips has been investigated. Speed bumps and rumble strips are used to inform the drivers of the possibility of an imminent hazard. Nevertheless, examining the vehicle performance during braking on speed bumps and rumble strips is an issue that has not yet been studied, and this paper aims to address this issue. For this purpose, a vehicle braking scenario with an initial speed of 60 km/h was defined on a flat route and on routes with rumble strip profiles and semi-sinusoidal and trapezoidal speed bumps to be simulated using CarSim software package. In addition, a similar scenario was defined for experimental testing in order to evaluate the braking performance of the vehicle in actual conditions. The results show that the vehicle stopping time and braking distance exhibit slight changes compared to the flat route. However, variations in the vertical force applied to the wheels in the semi-sinusoidal and trapezoidal profiles are considerable, and there is even a risk of contact loss between tire and ground and therefore loss of vehicle controllability, and the importance of these issues is not less than that of braking distance and vehicle stopping time.
Keywords
Vehicle
Braking Dynamics
Road Holding
Speed Bump
Rumble Strip
Subjects
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Journal of Transportation Research
Volume 23, Issue 3
Summer 2026
Pages 387-402