Investigation of Influence of Pedestrian Characteristics on Their Safety at the Functional Area of Un-Signalized Intersections Conflicts

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

M.Sc., Grad., Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Pedestrians as vulnerable road users have a very high sensitivity facing vehicles. The number of pedestrians killed or injured in traffic accidents is very significant which a noticeable percentage of them have occurred at un-signalized intersections. Four-leg un-signalized intersections are parts of the road network in which pedestrians are unsafe. In this paper, the main purpose is investigation of pedestrian safety facing vehicles at functional area of four-leg un-signalized intersections. Therefore to evaluate the traffic conflict safeties, Time to Collision (TTC) and Post Encroachment Time (PET) indexes were used. Particularly The effect of pedestrian characteristics on the safety level of conflict was evaluated by collecting field information and statistical studies. The data was obtained by video-recording of the functional area of Imam Hossain intersection in Hamadan city and then using ANOVA statistical analysis, the effect of pedestrian characteristics on the safety level of intersection was evaluated. Results show that:
-The male pedestrians are safer than female (The differences between them at PET and TTC indexes are 0.11 and 0.08, respectively).
-The young pedestrians are safer than elderly (The differences between them at PET and TTC indexes are 0.10 and 0.04, respectively).
-The right-direction pedestrians are safer than left-direction (The difference between them at PET index is 0.03).

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

-Allen, B. L., Shin, B. T., & Cooper, P. J. (1978). Analysis of traffic conflicts and collisions (0361-1981). Retrieved from
-Amundsen, F., & Hyden, C. (1977). Proceedings of first workshop on traffic conflicts. Oslo, TTI, Oslo, Norway and LTH Lund, Sweden, 78.
-Chaudhari, A., Gore, N., Arkatkar, S., Joshi, G., & Pulugurtha, S. (2021). Exploring pedestrian surrogate safety measures by road geometry at midblock crosswalks: A perspective under mixed traffic conditions. IATSS research, 45(1), 87-101.
-Golembiewski, G., & Chandler, B. E. (2011). Intersection safety: A Manual for Local Rural Road Owners.
-Hayward, J. (1971). Near Misses as a Measure of Safety at Urban Intersections: Pennsylvania Transportation and Traffic Safety Center.
-Himanen, V., & Kulmala, R. (1988). An application of logit models in analysing the behaviour of pedestrians and car drivers on pedestrian crossings. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 20(3), 187-197.
-Hupfer, C. (1997). Deceleration to safety Time (DST)-a Useful Figure to Evaluate Traffic Safety. Paper presented at the ICTCT Conference Proceedings of Seminar.
-Laureshyn, A. (2010). Application of Automated Video Analysis to Road User Behaviour: Lund University.
-Li, H., Zhang, Z., Sze, N., Hu, H., & Ding, H. (2021). Safety effects of law enforcement cameras at non-signalized crosswalks: A case study in China. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 156, 106124.
-Liu, Y.-C., & Tung, Y.-C. (2014). Risk analysis of pedestrians’ road-crossing decisions: Effects of age, time gap, time of day, and vehicle speed. Safety science, 63, 77-82.
-NCHRP. (2015). The Unsignalized Intersection Improvement Guide (UIIG), Project 03-104.
-NHTSA. (2018). March–Revised)). Pedestrians: 2016 data. (Trafc Safety Facts. Report No. DOT HS 812 493). Washington, DC. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
-Olszewski, P., Buttler, I., Czajewski, W., Dąbkowski, P., Kraśkiewicz, C., Szagała, P., & Zielińska, A. (2016). Pedestrian safety assessment with video analysis. Transportation Research Procedia, 14, 2044-2053.
-Parker Jr, M., & Zegeer, C. V. (1989). Traffic Conflict Techniques for Safety and Operations: Observers Manual.
-Sayed, T., Zaki, M. H., & Autey, J. (2013). Automated safety diagnosis of vehicle–bicycle interactions using computer vision analysis. Safety Science, 59, 163-172.
-Suzuki, K., & Ito, H. (2017). Empirical analysis on risky behaviors and pedestrian-vehicle conflicts at large-size signalized intersections. Transportation Research Procedia, 25, 2139-2152.
-Tom, A., & Granié, M.-A. (2011). Gender differences in pedestrian rule compliance and visual search at signalized and unsignalized crossroads. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(5), 1794-1801.
-Westra, E., & Rothengatter, J. (1993). Behaviour–Conflict–Safety Relations for Pedestrians. Traffic Research Centre, University of Groningen, Netherlands.
-who. (2013). Global status report on road safety 2013: supporting a decade of action. World Health Organization.
-Yagil, D. (2000). Beliefs, motives and situational factors related to pedestrians’ self-reported behavior at signal-controlled crossings. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 3(1), 1-13.
-Zegeer, C. V., & Bushell, M. (2012). Pedestrian crash trends and potential countermeasures from around the world. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 44(1), 3-11.
-Zheng, L., Ismail, K., & Meng, X. (2014). Traffic conflict techniques for road safety analysis: open questions and some insights. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 41(7), 633-641.
Journal of Transportation Research
Volume 21, Issue 1 - Serial Number 78
February 2024
Pages 151-166

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics