Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1
M.Sc, Faculty of Civil Engineering of Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2
PostDoc, Faculty of Civil Engineering of Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
3
Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering of Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/tri.2023.396110.3151
Abstract
The population growth rate and development of modern technologies are two influential factors in the development of cities. An urban heat island, which is a destructive phenomenon, was created as a result of an increase in temperature in urban areas. Increases in greenhouse gases, environmental damage, and endangering human health are among the messages of this destructive phenomenon. The expansion of vegetation, use of suitable facades and green roofs in buildings, urban change, and use of suitable pavements are among the strategies to control and reduce this destructive architecture. Considering that the roads have a large share of the configuration of the cities, the use of cool pavements, including reflective pavements, evaporative pavements, permeable pavements, porous pavements, water-retentive pavements, and energy-storing and producing (heat or energy harvesting) pavements, has been suggested in order to reduce the phenomenon of urban heating islands. In this research, by reviewing more than 400 good scientific articles, the reasons for formation, measurement methods, including remote sensing methods, laboratory methods, and the effect of cool pavements in reducing the destructive phenomenon of urban heat islands have been investigated. Studies have shown that the use of reflective pavements has reduced the temperature of the road surface by 5 to 20 degrees, depending on how the reflectivity changes. This value in evaporative pavements including permeable pavements, porous pavements, and water-retentive pavements has been reported from 5 to 35 degrees depending on the types of evaporative pavements. Also, the use of new technologies such as energy storage pavements known as energy (heat) harvesting pavements can produce energy in addition to reducing the temperature of the pavement by 3 to 5 degrees. A photovoltaic pavement is one of the most important heat-storage pavements. In addition to reducing pavement temperatures by 5 degrees Celsius, these procedures have helped reduce air pollution.
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