Journal of Transportation Research

Journal of Transportation Research

Evaluation of Conventional Structural Systems in Steel Pedestrian Bridges

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Seyed Shahab Emamzadeh
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
10.22034/tri.2024.397731.3204
Abstract
In this study, evaluation of structural systems for pedestrian steel bridges will be considered. In this research, three common types of trusses, cable and arch bridges were examined and their capacity against static, dynamic and vibration loads was calculated with SAP software. The weight of the bridges is then compared to select the most economical option. The overall results showed that the structures of the conventional pedestrian bridges have sufficient capacity for static, dynamic and vibratory loads. In comparison, it was found that due to the length of the span and the constant height of the bridge, the truss system weighs less than other systems. The weight of the arch bridge was 1.7 times the weight of the truss bridge and the weight of the cable bridge was 2.1 times the weight of the truss bridge. Also, the frequency of the first mode of the cable bridge was 33% higher than the truss bridge and the frequency of the first mode of the arched bridge was 24% lower than the first frequency of the truss bridge. Comparing the common types of bridges, it was found that truss systems have lower cost and stability index than other systems. In the system of cable structures, the vibrations of the pedestrian bridge are further reduced. In a truss system with the same load, the total weight and therefore the cost of the bridge is minimal. Based on the results of this research, the most appropriate system can be identified and used according to the type of load applied to the bridge structure.
Keywords
Pedestrian Bridges
Truss Bridges
Arch Bridge
Cable Bridge
SAP2000 Software

Subjects

AASHTO, (2009). LRFD Guide Specifications for the Design of Pedestrian Bridges. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
Ali S., Thambiratnam D., Liu X., Fawzia S. (2020). Performance evaluation of innovative composite pedestrian bridge. Structures, 26, 845-858.
Ali S., Thambiratnam D., Liu X., Fawzia S., (2020). Numerical study of pedestrian suspension bridge with innovative composite deck .Heliyon, 6, Issue 7.
Aliasghar Talebi, Francesco Potenza, Vincenzo Gattulli (2023). Interoperability between BIM and FEM for vibration-based model updating of a pedestrian bridge. Structures, Vol. 53, 1092-1107.
André Jesus, Stana Živanović (2023). Modal testing with a pedestrian as a vibration exciter. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 189.
António Tadeu, F. Marques da Silva, Bahareh Ramezani, António Romero, Leopold Škerget, Filipe Bandeira (2022) .Experimental and numerical evaluation of the wind load on the 516 Arouca pedestrian suspension bridge.­Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 220.
-Asgarizadeh, M., Akbari, R. and Memarzadeh, P. (2013). Investigation of the behavior of Mirzakochek Khan pedestrian suspension bridge in Isfahan city. First National Transport Infrastructure Conference, Tehran, Iran, (In Persian).
-Boscato, G., and Russo, S. (2008). Structural performance of iron-wood-FRP pedestrian bridge, 22–24.
-Bronisław Czaplewski, Mateusz Bocian, John H.G. Macdonald (2024). Calibration of inverted pendulum pedestrian model for laterally oscillating bridges based on stepping behaviour Journal of Sound and Vibration, 572.
-Chenyu Xue, Panos A. Psimoulis (2023). Monitoring the dynamic response of a pedestrian bridge by using low-cost GNSS receivers. Engineering Structures, Vol.284.
-Christian Gallegos-Calderón, Carlos M.C. Renedo, M. Dolores G. Pulido, Iván M. Díaz, (2022). A frequency-domain procedure to design TMDs for lively pedestrian structures considering Human–Structure Interaction. Structures, 43, 1187-1199.
-Constantino, R., Ripke, Ch., Welch, J. (2009). Design of a Pedestrian Bridge Crossing over Coliseum Boulevard. Research and Creativity, Report. Civil Engineering \Program, Department of Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne.
-Fiebig, W. (2010). Reduction of Vibrations of Pedestrian Bridges Using Tuned Mass Dampers (TMD). Archives of Acoustics, 35(2), 165–174.
-Huixuan Han, Ding Zhou, Tianjian Ji, Jiandong Zhang, (2021) .­Modelling of lateral forces generated by pedestrians walking across footbridges .Applied Mathematical Modelling. 89, Part 2, 1775-1791.
-Ingólfsson E.T., Georgakis C.T., Jönsson J., (2012). Pedestrian-induced lateral vibrations of footbridges: A literature review .Engineering Structures, 45, 21-52.
-Ivorra, S., Foti, D., Bru, D., and Baeza, F. (2013). Dynamic Behavior of a Pedestrian -Bridge in Alicante, Spain. J. Perform. Constr. Facil. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 29(5).
-Li, Y.F. Badjie, S. Chen, W. W. & Chiu, Y.T. (2014). Case study of first all-GFRP pedestrian bridge in Taiwan. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 1, 83–95.
-Magdi, A. Kh. Osama, A. H. Mohammed A. Z. (1997). Analysis and design methodology for an FRP cable-stayed pedestrian bridge. Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 27, Issues 3–4, 307-317.
-Mendes, P. J. D., Barros , J. A. O., Sena-Cruz, J. M. and Taheri, M. (2011). Development of a pedestrian bridge with GFRP profiles and fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete deck. Composite Structures, 93(11), 2969-2982.
Mohammad A. Alhassan, Rajai Z. Al-Rousan, Shatha I. Al-Khasawneh (2020). Control of Vibrations of Common Pedestrian Bridges in Jordan Using Tuned Mass Dampers. Procedia Manufacturing,Vol. 44, 36-43.
-Newland, D, E. (2004). Pedestrian excitation of bridges. Mechanical Engineering Science. 218, Part C. 477-492.
-Nikoumaram, H., Vazifehdoust, H., and Khani, S. (2008). Assessment and Analysis of the Effectiveness of Intra-City Pedestrian Passing Bridges (Case Study: Tehran). Hoviateshahr, 2(2), 3-12.
-Pampa Dey, Sriram Narasimhan, Scott Walbridge, (2021). Reliability-based assessment and calibration of standards for the lateral vibration of pedestrian bridges. Engineering Structures, Vol. 239.
-Sandovic, G. and Juozapaitis, a. (2012). The Analysis of the Behaviour of an Innovative Pedestrian Steel Bridge. Procedia Engineering. 40, 411–416.