The resilience of metro networks against natural and human-made disruptions is a critical aspect in enhancing the operational efficiency and sustainability of urban transportation infrastructures, as these networks play a vital role in the economic and social development of cities. This study presents a multi-period optimization model aimed at maximizing the resilience of metro networks by strategically scheduling construction and recovery phases. Unlike traditional network design models, this approach prioritizes construction and recovery projects to maintain and enhance network functionality and resilience throughout various implementation phases and post-disruption periods. The proposed model is designed to incorporate multiple financial and operational constraints within decision-making processes for project scheduling and budget allocation.

The study simulates three hypothetical metro networks of varying scales to evaluate the model’s effectiveness, analyzing the impact of budget increases, operational limitations, and construction sequencing on overall resilience and network efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate that the optimization model significantly enhances recovery and mitigates vulnerability to disruptions, suggesting its potential as a practical tool for urban planners and policymakers in designing and restoring metro networks. Additionally, findings highlight the importance of optimal resource allocation and precise project scheduling in achieving long-term resilience and operational efficiency in urban transportation networks.