پژوهشنامه حمل و نقل

پژوهشنامه حمل و نقل

بررسی تأثیر نانومواد بر بهبود رفتار خستگی در جوش‌های فولادهای با استحکام بالا در زیرساخت های حمل و نقل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و فناوری مازندران، بهشهر، ایران
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و فناوری مازندران، بهشهر، ایران
چکیده
با توجه به روند رو به رشد استفاده از فولادهای با استحکام بالا در سازه‌های عمرانی، مسأله‌ی خستگی در ناحیه جوش این فولادها به یکی از چالش‌های مهم در طراحی سازه‌ها بدل شده است. استفاده از نانومواد در جوشکاری فولادهای با استحکام بالا، راهکاری نوین برای افزایش مقاومت به خستگی و بهبود ریزساختار اتصالات در زیرساخت‌های حمل و نقل محسوب می‌شود که عمر مفید سازه را در برابر بارهای تناوبی به طور قابل توجهی ارتقا می‌دهد . فرآیند جوشکاری به دلیل تمرکز تنش، تغییرات متالورژیکی و حضور عیوب موضعی، مقاومت به خستگی را به طور قابل توجهی کاهش می‌دهد. راهکارهای مختلفی برای کاهش این مشکل پیشنهاد شده‌اند که از میان آن‌ها، فناوری نانو به عنوان یک راهکار نوین در افزایش دوام جوش مطرح است. در این پژوهش با مرور بیش از ۳۰ منبع علمی، نقش نانوذرات مختلف مانندTiC، TiO₂، SiC، Al₂O₃ و CNT در بهبود خواص مکانیکی جوش‌ها بررسی شده است. همچنین، اثر روش‌های ترکیبی همچون جوشکاری اصطکاکی-اغتشاشی (FSW)، تیمارهای سطحی HFMI، و لایه‌نشانی نانوساختار فلزی (NMM) بر خستگی سازه‌های جوشی تحلیل گردیده است. نتایج حاصل از این مرور سیستماتیک نشان می‌دهد که با استفاده از نانومواد و روش‌های نوین جوشکاری، می‌توان به بهبود قابل توجهی در مقاومت به خستگی، کاهش نرخ رشد ترک و افزایش عمر مفید جوش در شرایط بارگذاری تناوبی دست یافت. نانوذرات با ایجاد هسته‌های جوانه‌زنی همگن، ساختار دانه‌ها را یکنواخت‌تر کرده و از رشد دانه‌های درشت جلوگیری می‌کنند. همچنین، روش‌های ایجاد تنش فشاری سطحی مانند شات پینینگ، نقش مؤثری در خنثی‌سازی تنش‌های کششی پسماند و افزایش عمر خستگی ایفا می‌کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Investigation of the Effect of Nanomaterials on Improving Fatigue Behavior in High-Strength Steel Welds in Transportation Infrastructure

نویسندگان English

Rezvan Babagoli 1
Pelham Omidi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Mazandaran, Iran.
2 B.Sc. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Mazandaran, Iran.
چکیده English

Given the growing trend of using high-strength steels in civil structures, fatigue in the weld zone of these steels has become one of the major challenges in the design and operation of structures. The use of nanomaterials in welding high-strength steels is considered a novel approach to increase fatigue resistance and improve the microstructure of joints in transportation infrastructure, significantly enhancing the service life of structures against cyclic loads. The welding process significantly reduces fatigue resistance due to stress concentration, metallurgical changes, and the presence of local defects. Various solutions have been proposed to mitigate this problem, among which nanotechnology has emerged as a novel strategy for increasing weld durability. In this research, by reviewing over 30 scientific sources, the role of various nanoparticles such as TiC, TiO₂, SiC, Al₂O₃, and CNT in improving the mechanical properties of welds has been investigated. Furthermore, the effects of hybrid methods such as friction stir welding (FSW), HFMI surface treatments, and nanostructured metallic coating (NMM) on the fatigue of welded structures have been analyzed. The results of this systematic review indicate that by using nanomaterials and modern welding methods, significant improvements in fatigue resistance, reduction of crack growth rate, and increase in the service life of welds under cyclic loading conditions can be achieved. Nanoparticles make the grain structure more uniform by creating homogeneous nucleation sites and prevent the growth of coarse grains. Additionally, methods for inducing surface compressive stress, such as shot peening, play an effective role in neutralizing residual tensile stresses and increasing fatigue life. Welding parameters, including tool rotational speed, travel speed, and the number of passes, have a significant impact on the uniform distribution of nanoparticles and preventing their agglomeration.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Nanoparticles
Weld Fatigue
High-Strength Steel
Advanced Welding Techniques
Nanocoating
Friction Stir Welding (FSW)
HFMI
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