پژوهشنامه حمل و نقل

پژوهشنامه حمل و نقل

مدل‌سازی رفتار رانندگی بر اساس ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی و جمعیت‌شناختی با تمرکز بر پرخاشگری و اضطراب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
استادیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
رفتار رانندگی یکی از پیچیده‌ترین رفتارهای انسانی است که حاصل تعامل هم‌زمان فرایندهای شناختی، هیجانی و ویژگی‌های جمعیت‌شناختی می‌باشد. با وجود پیشرفت‌های قابل توجه در حوزه روان‌شناسی رانندگی شواهد درباره نقش هم‌زمان ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی و جمعیت‌شناختی در تبیین ابعاد مختلف رفتار رانندگی همچنان محدود است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش پیش‌بینی‌کننده پرخاشگری، اضطراب، سن و جنسیت بر چهار بعد رفتار رانندگی شامل لغزش‌ها، اشتباهات، تخلفات عمدی و تخلفات غیرعمدی بر اساس چارچوب پرسشنامه رفتار رانندگی منچستر (DBQ) انجام شد. این مطالعه با طراحی مقطعی بر روی 92 راننده دارای حداقل سه سال سابقه رانندگی انجام شد. داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه استاندارد DBQ و یک پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته برای سنجش پرخاشگری و اضطراب جمع‌آوری گردید برای تحلیل داده‌ها از همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون خطی چندگانه استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد پرخاشگری دارای رابطه مثبت و معنادار با هر چهار بعد رفتار رانندگی است و قوی‌ترین متغیر پیش‌بین در تمامی مدل‌های رگرسیونی محسوب می‌شود. در مقابل، اضطراب ارتباط معناداری با هیچ‌یک از ابعاد رفتار رانندگی نداشت. از میان متغیرهای جمعیت‌شناختی، سن اثر منفی و معنادار بر برخی ابعاد رفتار رانندگی داشت، در حالی که جنسیت فاقد اثر معنادار بود. مدل‌های رگرسیونی توانستند بین 27 تا 32 درصد از واریانس رفتار رانندگی را تبیین کنند. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد مداخلات مبتنی بر مدیریت پرخاشگری می‌توانند نقش مؤثرتری نسبت به تمرکز صرف بر ویژگی‌های جمعیت‌شناختی در بهبود رفتار رانندگی داشته باشند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Modeling Driving Behavior Using Psychological and Demographic Characteristics: A Focus on Aggression and Anxiety

نویسنده English

Mehdi Mohammadi
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده English

Driving behavior is a complex human behavior shaped by the interplay of cognitive processes, emotional factors, and demographic characteristics. Despite substantial advances in driving psychology, evidence on the combined contribution of psychological and demographic factors to different dimensions of driving behavior remains limited. This study examined the predictive effects of aggression, anxiety, age, and gender on four dimensions of driving behavior—slips, errors, deliberate violations, and unintentional violations—using the Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) framework. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 92 drivers who had at least three years of driving experience. Data were collected using the standard DBQ and a researcher-developed questionnaire assessing aggression and anxiety. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to analyze the data. The results showed that aggression was positively and significantly associated with all four dimensions of driving behavior and was the strongest predictor across all regression models. In contrast, anxiety was not significantly associated with any dimension of driving behavior. Among the demographic variables, age showed a significant negative association with some dimensions of driving behavior, whereas gender was not a significant predictor. The regression models explained between 27% and 32% of the variance in driving behavior. These findings suggest that interventions targeting aggression management may be more effective in improving driving behavior than those focusing solely on demographic characteristics.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Driving behavior
Aggression
Anxiety
DBQ
Driving psychology
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