پژوهشنامه حمل و نقل

پژوهشنامه حمل و نقل

از بنادر سنتی به هوشمند: ارزیابی و رتبه‌بندی بنادر بازرگانی ایران با رویکرد ترکیبی BWM، TOPSIS و PROMETHEE

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
محمد والی پور 1
عبدالرضا شیخ الاسلامی شیخ الاسلامی 2
1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
10.22034/tri.2026.586647.3477
چکیده
گذار به اکوسیستم هوشمند به ضرورتی انکارناپذیر برای حفظ رقابت‌پذیری بنادر و تضمین تاب‌آوری زنجیره تأمین تبدیل شده است. با این حال، در بستر اقتصادهای در حال توسعه، این گذار مستلزم عبور از نگاه صرفاً فناورانه و تمرکز فعالانه بر رفع گلوگاه‌های عمیق ساختاری و عملیاتی است؛ امری که تنها با مشارکت تمامی ذی‌نفعان بندری قابل تحقق است. این پژوهش با هدف فاصله گرفتن از مدل‌های مرسوم و ایستای سنجش بلوغ، یک چارچوب پیش‌نگر تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره (MCDM) را توسعه داده است که به‌طور خاص برای ارزیابی آمادگی و اولویت‌بندی بنادر جهت استقرار اکوسیستم هوشمند طراحی شده است. بدین منظور، تلاش شده است تا ابتدا با استفاده از روش بهترین–بدترین (BWM)، وزن‌دهی مستحکمی به شاخص‌های کلیدی استخراج‌شده از تقاطع چالش‌های عملیاتی، آمادگی زیرساختی، ریسک‌های پیاده‌سازی فناوری و مشخصات ژئواکونومیک صورت گیرد. سپس، با بهره‌گیری از ترکیب تکنیک‌های TOPSIS و PROMETHEE، شبکه‌ای جامع از بنادر بازرگانی ایران از منظر پتانسیل هوشمندسازی رتبه‌بندی و اولویت‌بندی شوند. همچنین، به‌منظور اطمینان از پایایی نتایج تحت سناریوهای مختلف، چارچوب ارزیابی پیشنهادی با استفاده از شبیه‌سازی مونت‌کارلو و تحلیل حساسیت جامع تقویت شده است. یافته‌های مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که تخصیص منابع کلان در این حوزه باید هم‌راستا با ظرفیت جذب، میزان خطرپذیری و واقعیت‌های ذاتی هر بندر باشد. از این رو، تجویز نسخه‌ای واحد برای تمامی بنادر، فاقد کارایی و توجیه راهبردی است و بنادر به سیاست‌های تفکیک‌شده و متناسب با اقتضائات محلی نیاز دارند. در این مسیر، باید از رویکرد تحول یک‌باره پرهیز نمود و در عوض، راهبرد توسعه پیمانه‌ای و گلوگاه‌محور را در پیش گرفت. در نهایت، خروجی این الگوی ترکیبی، نقشه‌راهی منعطف در اختیار مقامات بندری و سیاست‌گذاران قرار می‌دهد تا هوشمندسازی در بنادر کشورهای در‌حال‌توسعه را با تمرکز بر حل چالش‌های عملیاتی و بر پایه راهبرد «شروع کوچک، تفکر بزرگ» طراحی و اجرایی نمایند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
اکوسیستم بندر هوشمند
روش تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره
روش بهترین-بدترین
اولویت‌بندی بنادر
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

From Traditional to Smart Ports: Evaluation and Ranking of Iranian Commercial Ports Using a Hybrid BWM, TOPSIS, and PROMETHEE Approach

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Valipour 1
Abdolreza Sheikholeslami 2
1 Ph.D., Candidate in Transportation Planning, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

The transition toward a smart ecosystem has become an undeniable necessity for maintaining port competitiveness and ensuring supply chain resilience. However, in the context of developing economies, this transition requires moving beyond a purely technology-driven perspective and placing greater emphasis on addressing deep-rooted structural and operational bottlenecks—an objective attainable only through the active engagement of all port stakeholders. Departing from conventional and static maturity assessment models, this study develops a forward-looking Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework specifically designed to evaluate port readiness and prioritize ports for smart ecosystem implementation. To this end, the Best–Worst Method (BWM) is employed to derive robust weights for key indicators emerging from the intersection of operational challenges, infrastructural readiness, technology implementation risks, and geoeconomic characteristics. Subsequently, by integrating the TOPSIS and PROMETHEE techniques, a comprehensive network of Iranian commercial ports is ranked and prioritized according to their smart transformation potential.To ensure the robustness of the results under different scenarios, the proposed evaluation framework is further strengthened through Monte Carlo simulation and comprehensive sensitivity analysis. The findings suggest that large-scale resource allocation in this domain must be aligned with each port’s absorptive capacity, risk tolerance, and inherent contextual conditions. Accordingly, a one-size-fits-all approach lacks both efficiency and strategic justification. Instead, ports require differentiated policy strategies tailored to local conditions. In this regard, a “big-bang” transformation approach should be avoided in favor of a modular, bottleneck-driven development strategy. Ultimately, the proposed hybrid model provides port authorities and policymakers with a flexible roadmap for designing and implementing smart transformation in developing countries’ ports, grounded in resolving operational challenges and guided by a “start small, think big” strategy.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Smart Port Ecosystem
Multi.Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM)
Best-Worst Method (BWM)
Port Prioritization
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پژوهشنامه حمل و نقل
دوره 23، شماره 4
زمستان 1405
صفحه 157-182