مدل تخصیص و مکان یابی پناهگاه برای طرح تخلیه ساکنین شهر های ساحلی در هنگام وقوع سیــــل (مدل چند سطحی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، مربی، دانشکده ریاضی و علوم، دانشگاه صنعتی سیرجان، سیرجان، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
بلاها به دو گروه بلاهای حاصل دست انسان و بلاهای طبیعی دسته‌بندی می شوند. از اهداف اصلی مدیریت بحران و بلا کاهش خسارات وارده و حداقل‌سازی رنج و آزار شخصی و بهبود شرایط تا حد امکان می‌باشد. مقاله حاضر به بررسی برنامه‌ریزی تخلیه قبل از وقوع بلای سیل و طراحی مکانهای مطلوب پناهگاه جهت تخلیه سیل می‌پردازد. مسئله شامل رهبری (مقامات) است که تعیین کننده مکانهای پناهگاه برای حداقل سازی زمان تخلیه و چند پیرو (مهاجران) که قادر به انتخاب مقصد (پناهگاه) و مسیر منتهی به آن هستند، می باشد. در این مطالعه به منظور بررسی برنامه‌ریزی تخلیه قبل از وقوع بلا برای سیل، مدل تخصیص مکان جهت اجرای طرح تخلیه سیل پیشنهاد شده‌است. مدل پیشنهادی بعنوان یک مسئله برنامه‌ریزی دو سطحی با استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیک فرمول‌بندی می‌شود که مسئله سطح بالایی، انتخاب پناهگاههای با حداقل زمان تخلیه و مسئله سطح پایین ترکیبی از مسائل توزیع و انتساب (CDA) می‌باشد. به منظور حل مسئله برنامه دو سطحی، روش حل مسئله‌ای مبتنی بر GA طراحی شده‌است. نتایج حاصل از بررسی‌ها نشان داد برنامه‌ریزی یکی از مهم‌ترین ابزارهای مورد استفاده در مدیریت بحران و بلا می‌باشد. انتخاب مکان پناهگاه و اثرات ناشی از محدوده ظرفیت در طرح تخلیه از اهمیت ویژه‌ای بخوردار است و هرچقدر ظرفیت پناهگاه موجود بیشتر شود تعداد پناهگاه‌های انتخابی و زمان کلی تخلیه کاهش خواهد‌یافت. همچنین هرگونه افزایش در میزان اشغال شدن وسیله نقلیه منجر به کاهش کل زمان تخلیه خواهد‌ ‌‌‌‌شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Shelter Allocation and Location Model for Evacuation Plan of Coastal Cities During Floods (multi-level model)

نویسنده [English]

  • Sajjad Amiri Doumari
M.Sc., Grad., Instructor, Math and Science Department, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Disasters are classified into two groups: man-made disasters and natural disasters. One of the main goals of crisis management is to reduce the damage and minimize personal suffering and improve the situation as much as possible. This study examines the evacuation planning before a flood occurs and the design of suitable shelter locations for flood evacuation. The issue involves the leadership (authorities) determining the locations of the shelter to minimize evacuation time and a few followers (migrants) who are able to choose the destination (shelter) and the route leading to it. In this study, in order to investigate the evacuation planning before the flood disaster, a location allocation model for the implementation of the flood evacuation plan is proposed. The proposed model is formulated as a two-tier programming problem using a genetic algorithm. The high-level problem is the selection of shelters with minimum evacuation time and the low-level problem is a combination of distribution and allocation (CDA) problems. In order to solve the two-level program problem, GA-based problem solving method is designed. The results showed that planning is one of the most important tools used in crisis and disaster management. The choice of shelter location and the effects of capacity range on the evacuation plan have the particular importance. As the capacity of the existing shelter increases, the number of selected shelters and the total evacuation time will decrease. Also, any increase in the occupancy rate of the vehicle will lead to a reduction in the total unloading time.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genetic Algorithm
  • Two-level Planning
  • Evacuation Plan
  • Location Allocation Model
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