بهینه‌سازی پارامتر شیارشدگی قیر اصلاح شده با پودر لاستیک با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ (RSM)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مهندسی ‌عمران، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌‌ارشد، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه

3 دانش‌آموخته کارشناس ارشد، دانشکده علوم و فناوری‌های نوین، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز

4 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز

چکیده

اصلاح قیر با افزودنی‌های مختلف یکی از متداول‌ترین روش‌ها برای بهبود رفتار آن است. یکی از افزودنی‌های مورد استفاده در اصلاح قیر پودر لاستیک است که موجب افزایش مقدار مقاومت شیارشدگی قیر می‌شود. هدف از انجام این پژوهش شناسایی فاکتورهای مؤثر بر روی خصوصیات مقاومتی قیر در برابر شیارشدگی و بهینه‌سازی این پارامتر با انجام مدل‌سازی در دمای 64 درجه سلسیوس با استفاده از پودر لاستیک می‌باشد. برای این منظور از روش بهینه طراحی آزمایش، روش سطح پاسخ (RSM) با در نظر گرفتن چهار فاکتور شامل دمای اختلاط، زمان اختلاط، سرعت اختلاط و درصد وزنی پودر لاستیک و نیز یک پاسخ، پارامتر شیارشدگی با تولید 30 نمونه قیر اصلاح شده بهره گرفته شده و آزمایش رئومتر برشی دینامیکی (DSR) روی نمونه‌های پیر نشده انجام شده است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که مدل‌سازی‌های انجام شده از دقت خوبی برخوردار بوده و فاکتور درصد وزنی برای پارامتر شیارشدگی از سایر فاکتورها و برهم‌کنش آنها مؤثرتر می‌باشد. همچنین برای بهینه‌سازی پارامتر شیارشدگی، با در نظر گرفتن سرعت و دمای اختلاط در سطح پایین و زمان اختلاط در سطح بالا، می‌توان به بیشترین مقدار این پارامتر در درصد وزنی مشخص پودر لاستیک دست یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimization of Rutting Parameter for Crumb Rubber Modified Binder Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

نویسندگان [English]

  • N. Solatifar 1
  • R. Azadedel 2
  • M. Khalili 3
  • M. Rahbarnia 4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 M.Sc., Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 M.Sc., Grad., School of New Science & Technology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
4 B.Sc., Grad., Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Modification of binder with various additives is a very common method for improving its behavior. Crumb rubber is one of the additives which increase the rutting resistance of binder. The main objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting the resistance characteristics of binder regarding rutting and optimization of this parameter by modeling its behavior at 64°C using crumb rubber. For this purpose, optimum Design of Experiments (DOE) method, i.e. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was utilized taking into account four factors, including mixing temperature, mixing time, mixing speed and content percentage (by weight) of crumb rubber, as well as one response, rutting parameter. As a result, 30 modified binder samples were produced and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test was conducted on the unaged samples. Results show that developed models have good prediction accuracy and the content of crumb rubber is more effective rather than other factors and the interaction of them. For optimization of rutting parameter, considering the mixing temperature and mixing speed at a low level and mixing time at a high level, the maximum rutting parameter could be achieved in a certain content percentage of crumb rubber.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crumb Rubber Modified Binder (CRMB)
  • Binder Rheology
  • Rutting
  • Design of Experiments (DOE)
  • Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
-AASHTO. )2012(, “Standard method of test for determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials”, AASHTO Designation: T. 315.
 
-Aflaki, S. and Tabatabaee, N. (2009), “Proposals for modification of Iranian bitumen to meet the climatic requirements of Iran”. Construction and Building Materials, 23(6): pp.2141-2150.
 
-Al-Khateeb, G.G. and Ramadan, K.Z. (2015), “Investigation of the effect of rubber on rheological properties of asphalt binders using superpave DSR”. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 19(1): pp.127-135.
 
-Asphalt Institute, (2007), MS-4 “The asphalt handbook. Manual series, ed. 7th. Lexington, KY,: Asphalt Institute.
 
-ASTM. (2013), “Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials”, ASTM International, ASTM D5 / D5M-13, West Conshohocken, PA.
 
-ASTM. (2014), “Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball -Apparatus)”, ASTM International, ASTM D36 / D36M-14e1, West Conshohocken, PA.
 
-ASTM. (2015), “Standard Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in Trichloroethylene”, ASTM International, ASTM D2042-15, West Conshohocken, PA.
 
-ASTM. (2017), “Standard Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials”, ASTM International, ASTM D113-17, West Conshohocken, PA.
 
-ASTM. (2018), “Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester, ASTM International, ASTM D92-18”, West Conshohocken, PA.
 
-Azadedel, R. and Solatifar, N. (2018), “Comparison of Different Design of Experiment Methods for Evaluating Behavior of Crumb Rubber Modified Binders (in Persian)”. Paper presented at the 1st National Conference on Infrastructure Engineering, Urmia, Iran.
 
-Behnood, A. and Olek, J. (2017) “Rheological properties of asphalt binders modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), ground tire rubber (GTR), or polyphosphoric acid (PPA)”. Construction and Building Materials, 151: pp.464-478.
 
-Bezerra, M.A., Santelli, R.E., Oliveira, E.P., Villar, L.S. and Escaleira, L.A. (2008), “Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry”. Talanta,76(5): pp.965-977.
 
-Chen, Z., Pei, J., Wang, T. and Amirkhanian, S. (2019), “High temperature rheological characteristics of activated crumb rubber modified asphalts”. Construction and Building Materials, 194, pp.122-131.
 
-Fini, E.H., Hosseinnezhad, S., Oldham, D., McLaughlin, Z., Alavi, Z. and Harvey, J. (2017), “Bio-modification of rubberised asphalt binder to enhance its performance”. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, pp.1-10.
 
-Hajikarimi, P., Aflaki, S. and Hoseini, A.S. (2013), “Implementing fractional viscoelastic model to evaluate low temperature Characteristics of crumb rubber and gilsonite modified asphalt binders”. Construction and Building Materials, 49 (Supplement C), pp.682-687.
 
-Kim, H.-S., Lee, S.-J. and Amirkhanian, S. (2010), “Rheology investigation of crumb rubber modified asphalt binders”. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 14(6):
pp.839-843.
 
-Liu, W., Yan, K., Ge, D. and Chen, M. (2018), “Effect of APAO on the aging properties of waste tire rubber modified asphalt binder”. Construction and Building Materials, 175, pp.333-341.
 
-Montgomery, (2017), D.C., Design and analysis of experiments. John wiley & sons.
 
-Myers, R.H., Montgomery, D.C. and Anderson-Cook, C.M., (2016), “Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments. Wiley.
 
-Shafabakhsh, G., Taghipoor, M., Sadeghnejad, M. and Tahami, S.A. (2015), “Evaluating the effect of additives on improving asphalt mixtures fatigue behavior”. Construction and Building Materials,90, pp.59-67.
 
-Sienkiewicz, M., Borzędowska-Labuda, K., Zalewski, S. and Janik, H. 2017. The effect of tyre rubber grinding method on the rubber-asphalt binder properties. Construction and Building Materials,154: pp.144-154.
 
-Subhy, A. (2017), “Advanced analytical techniques in fatigue and rutting related characterisations of modified bitumen: Literature review”. Construction and Building Materials, 156: pp.28-45.
 
-Thives, L.P., Pais, J. C., Pereira, P.A.A., Trichês, G. and Amorim, S.R. (2013), “Assessment of the digestion time of asphalt rubber binder based on microscopy analysis”. Construction and Building Materials, 47, pp.431-440.
 
-Thodesen, C., Shatanawi, K. and Amirkhanian, S. (2009), “Effect of crumb rubber characteristics on crumb rubber modified (CRM) binder viscosity. Construction and Building Materials, 23(1), pp.295-303.
 
-Venudharan, V. and Biligiri, K.P. (2017), “Effect of crumb rubber gradation on asphalt binder modification: rheological evaluation, optimization and selection”. Materials and Structures, 50(2), pp.129.
 
-Venudharan, V., Biligiri, K.P. and Das, N.C. (2018), “Investigations on behavioral characteristics of asphalt binder with crumb rubber modification: Rheological and thermo-chemical approach”. Construction and Building Materials, 181, pp.455-464.
 
-Wang, D., Li, D., Yan, J., Leng, Z., Wu, Y., Yu, J. and Yu, H. (2018), “Rheological and chemical characteristic of warm asphalt rubber binders and their liquid phases”. Construction and Building Materials,
193, pp.547-556.
 
-Wang, H., You, Z., Mills-Beale, J. and Hao, P. (2012), “Laboratory evaluation on high temperature viscosity and low temperature stiffness of asphalt binder with high percent scrap tire rubber”. Construction and Building Materials, 26(1), pp.583-590.